Cystocele

Cystocele: Blader Prolapse
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Normal Pelvic Anatomy
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A cystocele or bladder prolapse occurs when the pelvic muscles and ligaments between a woman's bladder and vagina weakens and allows the bladder to drop into the vagina. This condition may be asymptomatic or may result in pelvic pressure or discomfort, problems emptying the bladder and urinary tract infections and painful intercourse. Some women with a cystocele may feel the sensation of "sitting on a ball" or a bulge in the vagina. These symptoms may be worse at the end of the day and after standing for long periods of time.

The three main factors that contribute to the development of a cystocele are:

1. Hereditary. Cystoceles tend to run in families. There are genes that code for the supporting structures of the pelvic floor and variations in these genes can lead to weakening of the pelvic floor.
2. Childbirth. Vaginal birth can stretch and weaken the supporting structures of the pelvic floor.
3. Age. As supporting structures of the pelvic floor age, they weaken.

A cystocele is diagnosed by pelvic exam. Often times, other defects of the pelvic floor are present, such as rectocele and vaginal prolapse.

Treatment for cystocele ranges from no treatment for a mild cystocele to surgery or a pessary for a more advanced cystocele.

A pessary is typically used in women who are not candidates for surgery due to age or poor health.

Surgery is elective and done to relieve symptoms. Symptoms of prolapse do not decrease without treatment.

Treatments for Cystocele: